Episcopally-led and synodically-governed
In Anglican churches, bishops provide leadership and synods—gatherings of bishops, clergy and lay people—make decisions. This collaborative model of governance began in the Anglican tradition during the English Reformation and was affirmed by the General Synod in Canada in 1893.
Dioceses
Each diocese is a group of churches and parishes in a defined region, led by a diocesan bishop who guides ministry, pastoral care and spiritual life. Together with the diocesan synod, made up of members from every parish, the bishop shapes the rules and policies, called canons, that set out the governance, responsibilities and practices of the diocese.
Ecclesiastical provinces
Dioceses are grouped into ecclesiastical provinces led by a metropolitan. The provincial synod coordinates regional ministries and supports collaboration among dioceses. Provinces provide guidance and coordination, but do not govern individual dioceses.
General Synod
The General Synod, led by the Primate, serves as the national governing body of the Anglican Church of Canada. It provides guidance and direction at the national level but does not have direct authority over parishes, dioceses or provinces. The General Synod is made up of all bishops, along with elected clergy and lay representatives, who come together to:
- shape national Church priorities
- consider and amend national canons
- coordinate ministry initiatives with a national or multi-diocesan scope
The General Synod meets every three years, but its work continues year-round through the Council of the General Synod (CoGS), General Synod committees (noted below), and the Office of the General Synod. Volunteers from dioceses across Canada make up most of CoGS, councils and committees—giving their time and expertise, with staff from the Office of the General Synod providing support.
More details about the General Synod membership, CoGS and General Synod officer roles are provided in the Handbook of the General Synod, sections II, III and VII of the Constitution.
Related national bodies
The following bodies and ministries also play an active role in the life of the Church across Canada, contributing according to their unique focus and expertise. Most were established by the General Synod and now operate independently, offering advice, resources or guidance that support the Church.
Through these structures and bodies, the Anglican Church of Canada coordinates ministries, fosters collaboration among dioceses, engages with the wider Anglican Communion and other national and global partners and responds faithfully to communities from coast to coast to coast.